心臟內科

宣武醫院心內科歷經60年發展歷程，建院伊始，在國內著名心血管病專家汪家瑞教授帶領下始創心內科，從無到有，從小到大，逐步發展成為專業齊全、技術精良、診療規範、學科特色鮮明、醫教研並舉、國內知名的心臟學科。心內科涵蓋重症監護、冠脈介入、心臟起搏與電生理、超聲心動、無創心電檢查、心臟康復等專業組。年門診量、住院患者量和手術量、介入治療量等均居首都三級甲等綜合醫院前列。

心臟重症的前身是冠心病監護病房(CCU)，順應老齡化和多合併疾病及疾病譜的變化，CCU正向CICU發展，CCU與ICU技術、理念和診療模式融合，從感染、營養支援、鎮靜、迴圈輔助(IABP、ECMO)、有創和無創呼吸輔助、床旁血液濾過、床旁超聲血流動力學評估等全方位對心血管危重症患者進行管理，顯著提升了危重症患者的救治水平，成為醫院國家臨床重症醫學專科的重要組成部分和心血管專業發展的重要支撐。

心內科開展冠心病的介入治療二十餘年，至今已完成幾萬例冠脈診療，並取得非常好的效果。運用旋磨、雷射、血管內超聲(IVUS)、光學相干斷層成像儀(OCT)和血流儲備分數(FFR)等當今先進的病變評價和治療技術手段實施CTO等冠脈複雜病變的介入治療，取得非常好的療效。心內科已經成為全國冠脈介入診療技術培訓基地。

起搏與電生理專業組在起搏器治療緩慢心律失常方面擁有極其豐富的經驗，能夠很好的完成雙腔及三腔起搏器、植入型體內自動除顫器等國內先進儀器的安裝，取得了良好的療效。特別指出的是，近幾年，在射頻消融治療快速心律失常方面心臟科取得了巨大的發展。運用先進的三維電生理射頻消融儀完成頻發室早、室速、室上速、心房撲動、心房顫動等多種心律失常疾病的治療，治療例數及療效位於北京前列。心內科已經成為全國心律失常介入專業培訓基地。

心內科擁有國內先進的心臟超聲裝置和經驗豐富的專家。除完成一般超聲檢查外，還常規開展床旁心臟超聲、經食道心臟超聲、右心聲學造影檢查、心臟手術術前術後血管評估、心臟外科及神經外科手術術中監測等工作。

作為首都醫科大學第一臨床學院，心臟內科承擔了物理診斷學和心血管臨床醫學的教學任務，是最早的住院醫師規範化培訓基地，擁有一大批臨床經驗豐富、教學能力超強的老師，贏得了諸多的榮譽和良好的口碑。心內科也是首都醫科大學最早設定碩士和博士生培養點的學科，先後培養碩士、博士、博士後近百人。

在“爭創國內一流，國際知名的學院型醫院”方針的指導下，心內科始終重視科研對學科發展的助推作用。心血管病研究室創立於1986年, 1988 年在國內首次發現並分離、提取了人類白血球血管緊張素Ⅱ物質，建立了血漿腎素活性的檢測方法;率先在國內提出國人老齡化程序中心功能及心臟結構的衍變特點、心包具有合成、貯存、分泌心鈉素的功能、單純性收縮期高血壓主要表現為舒張功能損害、舒張期高血壓主要表現為收縮功能損害、生理性舒張功能減退與舒張性心力衰竭的鑑別診斷及臨床意義等觀點。在高血壓病個體化治療、心臟結構、血流及功能與迴圈心鈉素及腎素-血管緊張素系統關係、急性心肌梗塞溶栓纖溶系統監測等方面作了許多有意義的工作。心內科同時承擔了多項科研基金專案，並取得了豐厚的成果。先後承擔國家攻關、國家自然科學基金、首都醫學發展基金重大課題、市科委、市教委、市衛生局、首醫大基臨課題等二十餘項，獲得市部級以上科技進步獎十餘項。

現在，宣武醫院正進入新的歷史發展時期，心內科將依託國家老年醫學中心和神經學科優勢，在老年心血管病和心腦共病及跨學科診療領域拓展、創新，形成新的學科發展優勢及新型診療模式，造福患者。

The Department of Cardiology of Xuanwu Hospital has gone through a 60-years of development. From the beginning of its establishment, under the leadership of Professor Wang Jiarui, the famous expert on cardiovascular disease in China, the Department of Cardiology was founded and gradually developed into an integrated well-known cardiovascular discipline, with professional and advanced technology, standardized diagnosis and treatment, distinctive characteristics, along with its medical teaching and research in China. Cardiology includes intensive care, coronary intervention, cardiac pacing and electrophysiology, echocardiography, non-invasive ECG examination, cardiac rehabilitation and other professional groups. The annual number of out-patient, inpatient , operation and interventional treatment are all ranked at the top list of capital Grade 3A general hospital.

To response to aging and changes of disease spectrum and many complications diseases, the coronary heart disease intensive care unit, which previously known as CCU, is developing to CICU. CICU has combined ICU technology, concept and diagnosis and treatment mode, through multiple management including infection control, nutritional support, auxiliary cycle (IABP, ECMO), invasive and noninvasive respiratory support, bedside hemofiltration, bedside ultrasound hemodynamic evaluation, etc. CICU has significantly improved the treatment level of critically ill patients, and becomes an important part of the national clinical specialty in intensive care and an important supporter for the development of cardiovascular specialty.

The interventional therapy of coronary heart disease has been carried out for more than 20 years in Department of Cardiology. Tens of thousands of cases of coronary artery disease have been diagnosed and treated so far, and achieved very good results. The interventional therapy technology of rotablator, laser, intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Fractional flow reserve (FFR) have been widely used in complex lesions coronary artery such as CTO. Department of Cardiology has become the national training base of coronary intervention technology.

The cardiac pacing and electrophysiological specialty group has rich experience in treatment of bradyarrhythmia with pacemakers, and can well complete the installation of advanced instruments such as dual-chamber and three-chamber pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Good curative effect has obtained. Particularly, great progress has been made in radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias in recent ten years. Advanced three-dimensional electrophysiologic radiofrequency ablation apparatus was used to complete the treatment of frequent ventricular premature, ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmia diseases. The number of cases and effect were in the forefront of Beijing. Department of Cardiology has become the national arrhythmia intervention professional training base.

Department of Cardiology has advanced cardiac ultrasound equipment and experienced experts. In addition to the general cardiac ultrasound examination, we also complete lots of bedside echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, right ventricular contrast echocardiography, preoperative and postoperative vascular assessment, operation monitoring of cardiac and neurosurgical surgery .

As the first clinical hospital of the Capital Medical University, the Department of Cardiology undertakes the teaching tasks of physical diagnostics and cardiovascular clinical medicine, and is the earliest standardized training base for residents, has lots of experienced teachers. Department of Cardiology is also the first to set up master's degree and doctoral training point discipline of the Capital Medical University, and has trained students who obtained master's degree, doctoral and postdoctoral degree nearly 100.

With the guideline of "striving to first-class and famous collegiate hospital internationally ", Department of Cardiology always attached importance to the role of scientific research in promoting the development of disciplines. The cardiovascular laboratory was established in 1986 . In 1988, angiotensin II in human leukocytes was been isolated and extracted for the first time in China, and established a method for plasma renin activity. It was first proposed that the central function of aging process and the evolution of cardiac structure in China, the pericardial function of synthesizing, storing and secreting atrial natriuretic peptide, and the isolated systolic hypertension mainly manifested diastolic function damage. The diastolic hypertension manifested systolic dysfunction, the difference of physiological diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure. individualized treatment of hypertension, the relationship between cardiac structure, blood flow and function and circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and renin-angiotensin system, and the monitoring of thrombolytic and fibrinolytic system in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At the same time, Department of Cardiology has successively undertaken more than 20 national key research projects, the national natural science foundation, the capital medical development fund, the municipal science and technology commission, the municipal education commission, the municipal health bureau, and the basic and temporary projects of the first medical university, and we have won more than ten scientific and technological progress awards at or above the ministerial level.

Now, Xuanwu Hospital is entering into a new historical period of its development, the Department of Cardiology will take the advantages of the National Geriatrics Center and neuroscience, expanding and innovating in the fields of cardiovascular diseases, and diagnosis and treatment in cardio-cerebral co-diseases interdisciplinary in the elderly. the Department of Cardiology will strengthen the new discipline development and innovated diagnosis and treatment pattern , to benefit our patients.