Functional Examination Department

The Department of Functional Examinations has 24 staff members, including 1 chief physician (consultant), 1 deputy chief physician, 1 deputy chief technician, 4 attending physicians, 2 supervising technicians, 1 supervising nurse, 11 resident physicians, and 3 operators. Among them, 2 have master's degrees in medicine and 4 are master's students studying while working. The department specializes in the diagnosis of difficult electrocardiographic conditions such as wide-QRS-complex tachycardia and complex arrhythmias, as well as the analysis of Holter ECG scatterplots; auxiliary examinations for epilepsy and cerebrovascular diseases; and the examination and diagnosis of entrapment disorders and peripheral neuropathies. The department consists of the ECG, EEG, and EMG rooms and is located on the Cuiyuan, Xianlin, and Zhijiang campuses.

In scientific research and teaching, the Department of Functional Examinations is a standardized training base for resident physicians in Zhejiang Province and undertakes the teaching of standardized trainees, advanced-study students, and interns; it undertakes 3 research projects of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Health and 1 hospital-level project, has published 2 SCI papers and more than 10 papers in domestic Grade I and Grade II journals. It participated in formulating the standards for writing dynamic ECG diagnostic reports and the quality-control standards for Zhejiang Province. It co-edited 2 books. In 2015, it won second prize in the ECG competition at the Zhejiang Medical Association Annual Conference on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing. In 2018, it won first prize in the National ECG Scatterplot Competition. Specialized medical services: The department provides routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring, esophageal electrophysiological examination, treadmill exercise testing, automated arterial-stiffness testing, ultrasound bone densitometry, ﹤24-hour ambulatory EEG and 24-hour ambulatory EEG, transcranial Doppler, EMG, evoked potentials, and other services.

Routine ECG is a basic cardiac examination. Anyone suspected of having a heart problem, such as a child with myocarditis, as well as anyone undergoing a physical examination, needs a routine ECG examination. Holter ECG is currently one of the important noninvasive diagnostic methods in the clinical cardiovascular field. It provides a large amount of ECG information, can improve the detection rate of transient arrhythmias and brief episodes of myocardial ischemia, and can predict and diagnose malignant arrhythmias. It provides quantitative analysis of silent myocardial ischemia and is an irreplaceable method compared with other tests. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring is a diagnostic technique that uses an instrument to measure blood pressure automatically and intermittently at set times. It can objectively reflect the actual level and fluctuations of blood pressure; distinguish white-coat hypertension from masked hypertension; and assess 24-hour blood-pressure control in patients with hypertension. Treadmill exercise testing has unique advantages in clinical screening for coronary heart disease and evaluating the effects of PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting; it also plays an important role in evaluating cardiac function, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other conditions. Esophageal electrophysiological examination is a nontraumatic clinical cardiac electrophysiological diagnostic and therapeutic technique. A cardiac stimulator delivers direct-current electrical pulses and paces the atria or ventricles through esophageal electrodes placed close to the heart, thereby revealing the mechanisms of certain arrhythmias and diagnosing and treating arrhythmias. It is a relatively comprehensive noninvasive cardiac electrophysiological examination.

The automated arteriosclerosis monitor can simultaneously detect two parameters: ABI (ankle-brachial blood-pressure ratio) and baPWV (brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity). ABI can determine whether stenosis (occlusion) of the arteries of the lower limbs is present; PWV can assess the stiffness and elasticity of blood vessels.

Ultrasound bone densitometry is an examination used to assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures. It has the advantages of being radiation-free, inexpensive, and portable.

Transcranial Doppler examination is used to diagnose intracranial vascular occlusive disease; for extracranial vascular occlusive lesions, it is combined with a common carotid artery compression test to determine whether collateral circulation is adequate; and it evaluates the effect of extracranial vascular disease on intracranial blood-flow velocity.

EEG examination can differentiate organic and functional brain diseases and assist in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and localization of various brain diseases. It is commonly used for epilepsy, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, intracranial hematoma, encephalitis, cerebral parasitic diseases, brain abscesses, cerebrovascular diseases, and various other brain diseases and coma.

Ambulatory EEG is mainly used to differentiate epileptic from nonepileptic seizures and to assist in diagnosing seizure type and site of onset. It is particularly useful when epilepsy is clinically suspected but routine EEG shows no positive findings, or when seizures are infrequent and difficult to capture with short-term EEG recording.

EMG and evoked potentials are used to determine the functional status of the peripheral neuromuscular system and central nervous system and to identify suspected lesions, detect subclinical lesions, and precisely localize lesions. They are used to establish diagnoses of peripheral nerve diseases, myelopathies, demyelinating diseases, cervical spondylosis, diabetes, various nerve injuries, and for rehabilitation-treatment evaluation and sensory and motor function evaluation, among other applications.

Personal profiles:

卢瑛: Master's degree from Zhejiang University, deputy chief physician, and deputy director of the Department of Functional Examinations of Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital, where she is in charge of the department's work. She serves as a standing committee member of the Chinese Society of Clinical Electrocardiology, deputy chair of the Zhejiang Society of Clinical Electrocardiology, a national committee member of the Expert Committee of the China ECG Consultation Center, a committee member of the Professional Committee of Noninvasive Cardiac Electrophysiology of the Chinese Society of Electrocardiology, a young and middle-aged committee member of the Professional Committee of Dynamic ECG of the Chinese Society of Electrocardiology, and a committee member of the Noninvasive Cardiac Electrophysiology Group of the Zhejiang Medical Association. She has worked in electrocardiography for more than 20 years and has solid basic theory and extensive clinical experience. She specializes in diagnosing difficult ECG tracings, including wide-QRS-complex tachycardia and complex arrhythmias. She has led 2 Zhejiang Medical Association projects, including project number 2010ZYC-B01, and has participated in several provincial and municipal projects and published multiple papers. She participated in 1 open-fund project of a key laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008. She is a member of the group that formulated the standards for writing dynamic ECG diagnostic reports and the quality-control standards of Zhejiang Province. In 2018, she won first prize in the National ECG Scatterplot Competition. She co-edited Clinical Electrocardiographic Scatterplot Study and Pacemaker Atlas.

缪旭云: Deputy chief technician, working in transcranial Doppler and EEG technology for many years. She specializes in transcranial Doppler detection of cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attacks, and other conditions, as well as EEG interpretation during and between seizures in various types of epilepsy. She has written multiple papers published in national- and provincial-level medical professional journals and has participated in several provincial projects.

冯聪琴: Professionally engaged in EMG examination and diagnosis for more than 20 years, with a solid theoretical foundation and extensive clinical experience. She specializes in the localization diagnosis of entrapment peripheral neuropathies and peripheral nerve injuries, has participated in several provincial and departmental projects, and undertook advanced study in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University in 2005.

龙鸣红: Bachelor's degree, attending physician, graduated from Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and has worked in electrocardiography for more than 20 years. She specializes in the examination and diagnostic analysis of routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood pressure, and treadmill exercise testing.

张晓梅: Supervising technician with a bachelor's degree, graduated from the ECG specialty of Hangzhou Medical College and the Clinical Medicine specialty of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. She has worked in electrocardiography for more than 20 years and has accumulated extensive work experience. She specializes in the examination and diagnostic analysis of routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood pressure, and esophageal pacing. Since 09, she has been responsible for teaching interns and standardized resident trainees in the department. She has excellent teaching ability and has received the title of «Excellent Teaching Teacher». In 2015, she participated in the ECG competition at the Zhejiang Provincial Annual Conference on Cardiac Electrophysiology and won second prize.

王咸: Bachelor's degree, attending physician of traditional Chinese medicine, graduated from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, and has worked in electrocardiography for more than 20 years. She specializes in the diagnostic analysis of routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood pressure, and esophageal pacing.

寿晔: Bachelor's degree, attending physician, graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, and has worked in the ECG room for more than 10 years. She specializes in the diagnosis and analysis of routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, and other techniques.

胡莎莎: Bachelor's degree, attending physician, graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, and has worked for more than 10 years. She specializes in the diagnosis and analysis of routine ECG, Holter ECG, ambulatory blood pressure, and other techniques.